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The Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein OsPPR674 Regulates Rice Growth and Drought Sensitivity by Modulating RNA Editing of the Mitochondrial Transcript ccmC
Authors: Li J.; Zhang L.; Li C.; Chen W.; Wang T.; Tan L.; Qiu Y.; Song S.; Li B.; Li L.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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The P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are crucial for RNA editing and post-transcriptional regulation in plant organelles, particularly mitochondria. This study investigates the role of OsPPR674 in rice, focusing on its function in mitochondrial RNA editing. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated ppr674 mutant and examined its phenotypic and molecular characteristics. The results indicate that ppr674 exhibits reduced plant height, decreased seed-setting rate, and poor drought tolerance. Further analysis revealed that in the ppr674 mutant, RNA editing at the 299th nucleotide position of the mitochondrial ccmC gene (C-to-U conversion) was abolished. REMSAs showed that GST-PPR674 specifically binds to RNA probes targeting this ccmC-299 site, confirming its role in this editing process. In summary, these results suggest that OsPPR674 plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial RNA editing, emphasizing the significance of PPR proteins in organelle function and plant development.
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Cul2 Is Essential for the Drosophila IMD Signaling-Mediated Antimicrobial Immune Defense
Authors: Duan R.; Hu B.; Ding E.; Zhang S.; Wu M.; Jin Y.; Ali U.; Saeed M.; Raza B.; Usama M.; Batool S.; Cai Q.; Ji S.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Cullin 2 (Cul2), a core component of the Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is integral to regulating distinct biological processes. However, its role in innate immune defenses remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of Cul2 in the immune deficiency (IMD) signaling-mediated antimicrobial immune reactions in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly). We demonstrated that loss-of-function of Cul2 led to a marked reduction in antimicrobial peptide induction following bacterial infection, which was associated with increased fly mortality and bacterial load. The proteomic analysis further revealed that loss-of-function of Cul2 reduced the expression of Effete (Eff), a key E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme during IMD signaling. Intriguingly, ectopic expression of eff effectively rescued the immune defects caused by loss of Cul2. Taken together, the results of our study underscore the critical role of Cul2 in ensuring robust IMD signaling activation, highlighting its importance in the innate immune defense against microbial infection in Drosophila.
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Sex Differences in a Novel Mouse Model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 (SCA1)
Authors: Selimovic A.; Sbrocco K.; Talukdar G.; McCall A.; Gilliat S.; Zhang Y.; Cvetanovic M.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of glutamine (Q)-encoding CAG repeats in the gene ATAXIN1 (ATXN1). Patients with SCA1 suffer from movement and cognitive deficits and severe cerebellar pathology. Previous studies identified sex differences in disease progression in SCA1 patients, but whether these differences are present in mouse models is unclear. Using a battery of behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry of brain slices, and RNA sequencing, we examined sex differences in motor and cognitive performance, cerebellar pathology, and cerebellar gene expression changes in a recently created conditional knock-in mouse model f-ATXN1146Q expressing human coding regions of ATXN1 with 146 CAG repeats. We found worse motor performance and weight loss accompanied by increased microglial activation and an increase in immune viral response pathways in male f-ATXN1146Q mice.
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Epididymal-Born circRNA Cargo and Its Implications in Male Fertility
Authors: Manfrevola F.; Mosca N.; Mele V.; Chioccarelli T.; Migliaccio A.; Mattia M.; Pezzullo M.; Cobellis G.; Potenza N.; Chianese R.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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The epididymis represents a pivotal organ for sperm maturation and male fertility maintenance. During the epididymal journey, sperm cells undergo morphological and molecular changes that need to acquire the morpho-functional skills necessary for successful oocyte fertilization. Not last, a great enrichment of the spermatozoa RNA payload occurs via an epithelium-derived epididymosome transfer. Currently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are acquiring a prominent role in the setting of sperm quality parameters. In this regard, they are considered potential targets in several male infertility conditions. Despite their consolidated role, few notions are known regarding the alleged epididymal backsplicing activity. In the current review, we discuss the main aspects of spermatozoa maturation along the epididymis and the circRNA role in the field of male reproduction. We also report the most recent findings on the circRNA biogenesis that occurs in the epididymal duct, providing new fascinating evidence on epididymal-derived circRNAs. Finally, we show preliminary compelling data on epididymal backsplicing by exploiting the experimental mouse model of aging. Collectively, these data evidence a remarkable role of the epididymis in remodeling the circRNA payload and in shaping its profile in maturating spermatozoa.
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Molecular and Cellular Mediators of Renal Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Ramasamy A.; Mohan C.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Lupus nephritis (LN), a significant complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), represents a challenging manifestation of the disease. One of the prominent pathophysiologic mechanisms targeting the renal parenchyma is fibrosis, a terminal process resulting in irreversible tissue damage that eventually leads to a decline in renal function and/or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Both glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis emerge as reliable prognostic indicators of renal outcomes. This article reviews the hallmarks of renal fibrosis in lupus nephritis, including the known and putative drivers of fibrogenesis. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular processes driving fibrosis in LN may help inform the development of therapeutic strategies for this disease, as well as the identification of individuals at higher risk of developing ESKD.
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Low Plasma Carnosinase-1 Activity in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: Implications for Carnosine Therapy in Heart Failure
Authors: Liang I.; Gilardoni E.; Berdaweel I.; Carter K.; Anderson E.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Therapeutic efficacy of histidyl dipeptides such as carnosine is hampered by circulating carnosinase-1 (CN1), which catalyzes carnosine’s hydrolysis and degradation. Prior reports suggest that oral carnosine may improve cardiometabolic parameters in patients with heart failure (HF), but whether CN1 activity is affected by HF is unknown. Here, we measured CN1 content and carnosine degradation rate (CDR) in preoperative plasma samples from a cohort of patients (n = 138) undergoing elective cardiac surgery to determine whether plasma CN1 and/or CDR varied with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. CN1 content was normally distributed in the cohort, but plasma CDR displayed a quasi-bimodal distribution into high- (>2 nmol/(h*μL)) and low-activity (≤2 nmol/(h*μL)) clusters. Multivariable analysis confirmed female sex, diabetes and LV systolic dysfunction was associated with the low-activity CDR cluster. Although CN1 content did not differ, logistic regression analysis revealed that CDR and CN1-specific activity (CDR/CN1 content) was significantly lower in patients with both moderate (ejection fraction, EF ≥ 35 to <50%) and severe LV systolic dysfunction (EF < 35%) compared with patients in the normal range (EF ≥ 50%). These findings suggest that plasma CN1 activity is regulated by factors independent of expression, and that a decline in LV systolic function is associated with low CN1 activity. Further studies are needed to delineate specific mechanisms controlling CN1 expression and activity, which will facilitate the development of carnosine and other histidyl dipeptide therapies for cardiometabolic disorders such as HF.
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MiR-205-5p and MiR-222-3p as Potential Biomarkers of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Bogaczyk A.; Potocka N.; Paszek S.; Skrzypa M.; Zuchowska A.; Kośny M.; Kluz-Barłowska M.; Wróbel A.; Wróbel J.; Zawlik I.; Kluz T.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women in Europe. Its carcinogenesis is a complex process and requires further research. In our study, we focus on finding new and easy-to-diagnose markers for detecting endometrial cancer. For this purpose, we compared the levels of miR-21-5p, miR-205-5p, and miR-222-3p in endometrial cancer tissues with the levels of these miRs in the serum of patients using the dPCR method. Our study is preliminary and consists of comparing the changes in miRNA expression in serum to the changes in miRNA in tissue of patients with endometrial cancer. The study included 18 patients with EC and 19 patients undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse or uterine fibroids as a control group without neoplastic lesions. Endometrial tissue and serum were collected from all patients. The analyses showed an increased expression of miR-205-5p in endometrial cancer tissue and decreased expression of miR-222-3p in tissue and serum samples. These results suggest that miR-205-5p and miR-222-3p may be potential endometrial cancer biomarkers. Only miR-222-3p confirmed its decreased expression in serum, making it a potential and easily accessible marker in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. This pilot study requires further investigation in a larger group of patients. Its advantages include the possibility of a comparison between miRNA expression in tissue and serum, as well as conducting the study using dPCR.
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State of the Art of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Orlandi E.; Guasconi M.; Romboli A.; Giuffrida M.; Toscani I.; Anselmi E.; Porzio R.; Madaro S.; Vecchia S.; Citterio C.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape for several malignancies, but their efficacy in unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ICIs in this context, focusing on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and toxicity. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Scopus identified 34 eligible studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational cohorts. Quantitative synthesis involved 21 studies comprising 937 patients, with additional qualitative analyses on biomarker-driven subgroups and early-phase trials. The median OS across studies was 8.65 months, while the median PFS was 2.55 months. The ORR and DCR were 16.2% and 50.3%, respectively, with grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurring in 22% of patients. Promising outcomes were observed in MSI-H/dMMR populations, although these represented only 1–2% of cases. Combination strategies with chemotherapy demonstrated synergistic potential but lacked definitive evidence due to heterogeneity and the absence of phase III trials. ICIs showed a manageable toxicity profile, highlighting their feasibility in selected patients. Future research should focus on overcoming tumor microenvironment barriers and identifying biomarkers to optimize responsiveness and expand the applicability of ICIs in pancreatic cancer.
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HIF-3α/PPAR-γ Regulates Hypoxia Tolerance by Altering Glycolysis and Lipid Synthesis in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)
Authors: Jiang M.; Huang J.; Guo X.; Fu W.; Peng L.; Wang Y.; Liu W.; Liu J.; Zhou L.; Xiao Y.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Hypoxic stress causes cell damage and serious diseases in organisms, especially in aquatic animals. It is important to elucidate the changes in metabolic function caused by hypoxia and the mechanisms underlying these changes. This study focuses on the low oxygen tolerance feature of a new blunt snout bream strain (GBSBF1). Our data show that GBSBF1 has a different lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pattern than wild-type bream, with altering glycolysis and lipid synthesis. In GBSBF1, the expression levels of phd2 and vhl genes are significantly decreased, while the activation of HIF-3α protein is observed to have risen significantly. The results indicate that enhanced HIF-3α can positively regulate gpd1ab and gpam through PPAR-γ, which increases glucose metabolism and reduces lipolysis of GBSBF1. This research is beneficial for creating new aquaculture strains with low oxygen tolerance traits.
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A Suite of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Near-Isolines: Genetic Resources and Molecular Tools to Breed for Seed Carbohydrate and Protein Quality in Legumes
Authors: Rayner T.; Mundy J.; Bilham L.; Moreau C.; Lawson D.; Domoney C.; Wang T.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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In recent years there has been a resurgent interest in plant products as substitutes for animal-derived food products, in which legumes, including peas, feature highly. Here, we report on a set of Pisum sativum L. (pea) near-isolines, comprising 24 unique mutants at five loci, where the impact of the mutations on the corresponding enzymes of the starch pathway confers a wrinkled-seeded phenotype. Together with a set of round-seeded mutants impacted at a sixth locus, all 27 mutants show variation for starch composition and protein content. The mutations have been mapped onto three-dimensional protein models to examine potential effects on the corresponding enzyme structures and their activities, and to guide targeted mutagenesis. The mutant lines represent a unique suite of alleles for rapid introduction into elite pea varieties to create new materials for the food and feed markets and industrial applications.
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Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Exposure on Intestinal Microbial Community, Lipid Metabolism, and Liver Lesions in Mice
Authors: Chen Q.; Chi Y.; Zhu Q.; Ma N.; Min L.; Ji S.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that has attracted much attention due to its wide environmental distribution and potential toxicity. Intestinal microbiota is an important regulator of host health, and its composition and metabolic function are easily interfered with by environmental pollutants. In this study, the effects of PFOS exposure on gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, and host health were investigated in mice. The results showed that PFOS exposure did not significantly change α diversity, but significantly affected the β diversity and community structure of intestinal microflora in mice. At the taxonomic level, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes decreased, and the changes in the abundance of specific bacteria were closely related to liver diseases and lipid metabolism disorders. PFOS exposure also interfered with the gut–liver axis mechanism, increased blood lipids and liver function related indicators in mice, and induced intestinal and liver histological lesions. This study revealed the toxic mechanism of PFOS mediated by intestinal microbiota, providing a new research perspective for health problems caused by environmental pollutants and theoretical support for the formulation of relevant public health policies.
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Methamphetamine and Methamphetamine-Induced Neuronal Exosomes Modulate the Activity of Rab7a via PTEN to Exert an Influence on the Disordered Autophagic Flux Induced in Neurons
Authors: Qiu H.; Zhang M.; Li M.; Chen C.; Wang H.; Yue X.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Autophagy is a critical mechanism by which methamphetamine (METH) induces neuronal damage and neurotoxicity. Prolonged METH exposure can result in the accumulation of autophagosomes within cells. The autophagy process encompasses several essential vesicle-related biological steps, collectively referred to as the autophagic flux. However, the precise mechanisms by which METH modulates the autophagic flux and the underlying pathways remain to be elucidated. In this study, we utilized a chronic METH exposure mouse model and cell model to demonstrate that METH treatment leads to an increase in p62 and LC3B-II and the accumulation of autophagosomes in striatal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. To assess autophagic flux, this study utilized autophagy inhibitors and inducers. The results demonstrated that the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine exacerbated autophagosome accumulation; however, blocking autophagosome formation with 3-methyladenine did not prevent METH-induced autophagosome accumulation. Compared to the autophagy activator rapamycin, METH significantly reduced autophagosome–lysosome fusion, leading to autophagosome accumulation. Rab7a is a critical regulator of autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Although Rab7a expression was upregulated in SH-SY5Y cells and brain tissues after METH treatment, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed weakened interactions between Rab7a and the lysosomal protein RILP. Overexpression of active Rab7a (Rab7a Q67L) significantly alleviated the METH-induced upregulation of LC3-II and p62. PTEN, a key regulator of Rab7a dephosphorylation, was downregulated following METH treatment, resulting in decreased Rab7a dephosphorylation and reduced Rab7a activity, thereby contributing to autophagosome accumulation. We further investigated the role of neuronal exosomes in the autophagy process. Our results demonstrated that the miRNA expression profiles in exosomes released by METH-induced SH-SY5Y cells were significantly altered, with 122 miRNAs upregulated and 151 miRNAs downregulated. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses of these differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes revealed significant associations with the autophagy pathway and potential regulation of PTEN expression. Our experiments confirmed that METH-induced exosomes reduced PTEN expression levels and decreased Rab7a dephosphorylation, thereby exacerbating autophagic flux impairment and autophagosome accumulation. In conclusion, our study indicated that METH and its induced neuronal exosomes downregulate PTEN expression, leading to reduced Rab7a dephosphorylation. This, in turn, hinders the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, ultimately resulting in autophagic flux impairment and neuronal damage.
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Study on Volatile Organic Compounds and Antioxidant Polyphenols in Cumin Produced in Xinjiang
Authors: Sun M.; Lv X.; Liu X.; Chen W.; Shen X.; Chai Z.; Zeng M.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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This article investigated the composition and content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cumin from three Xinjiang origins (Hami, Turpan, and Hetian) at different processing temperatures. VOCs varied with temperature and origin, but alcohols and terpenes were predominant in all samples. Hetian cumin exhibited the highest VOC content and stability under specific treatments, divided into an ambient temperature treatment (AMB) and a 70 °C heat treatment. A cluster analysis revealed high similarity between replicates and significant differences among the samples. A Venn diagram comparison showed that 70 °C processing reduced the number of common VOCs among the three origins from 36 to 19, which is a decrease of 47.22%, indicating a significant impact of heating on cumin VOCs and possibly promoting the formation of new compounds. Finally, utilizing the varying abilities of different types of polyphenols to inhibit heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), six polyphenolic compounds, identified as sesamin, 6-caffeoylsucrose, apigenin, eschweilenol C, kaempferol glucuronide, and luteolin, were preliminarily determined to play an active role in the β-carboline HAA simulation system.
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Single-Cell Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms in Rapid Antler Osteogenesis During Growth and Ossification Stages
Authors: Zhang R.; Xing X.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Antlers, as the only fully regenerable bone tissue in mammals, serve as an exceptional model for investigating bone growth, mineralization, articular cartilage repair, and the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms governing osteogenesis, particularly the dynamic cellular interactions and signaling pathways coordinating these processes, remain poorly characterized. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the 10× Genomics Chromium platform, combined with bulk-RNA sequencing results, to comprehensively analyze molecular regulatory mechanisms in rapid antler osteogenesis. The results showed that eight cell types were identified in sika deer antler during the growth and ossification stages: mesenchymal, chondrocyte, osteoblast, pericyte, endothelial, monocyte/macrophage, osteoclast, and NK cells. Chondrocytes were predominantly found during the growth stage, while osteoblasts were more abundant during the ossification stage. Mesenchymal cells were subclassified into three subcategories: MSC_1 (VCAN and SFRP2), MSC_2 (TOP2A, MKI67), and MSC_3 (LYVE1 and TNN). MSC_3 was predominantly present during the growth stage. During the growth stage, MSC_1 and MSC_2 upregulated genes related to vasculature development (COL8A1, NRP1) and cell differentiation (PTN, SFRP2). During the ossification stage, these subcategories upregulated genes involved in the positive regulation of p53 class mediator signal transduction (RPL37, RPL23, RPS20, and RPL26), osteoblast differentiation (SPP1, IBSP, BGLAP), and proton-motive ATP synthesis (NDUFA7, NDUFB3, NDUFA3, NDUFB1). Endothelial cells were categorized into five subpopulations: Enc_1 (SPARCL1, VWF), Enc_2 (MCM5), Enc_3 (ASPM, MKI67), Enc_4 (SAT1, CXCL12), and Enc_5 (ZFHX4, COL6A3). Combined scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that the ossification stage’s upregulation genes included osteoclast- and endothelial cell-specific genes, while the growth stage’s upregulation genes were mainly linked to collagen organization, osteoblast differentiation, mitotic cell cycle, and chondrocyte differentiation. Overall, this study offers a detailed single-cell analysis of gene expression patterns in antlers during the growth and ossification stages, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms driving rapid osteogenesis.
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Intratracheal Delivery of a Phospholamban Decoy Peptide Attenuates Cardiac Damage Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kook T.; Lee M.; Kwak T.; Jeong D.; Sim D.; Jeong M.; Ahn Y.; Kook H.; Park W.; Jang S.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. While novel approaches, including gene and cell therapies, show promise, efficient delivery methods for such biologics to the heart are critically needed. One emerging strategy is lung-to-heart delivery using nanoparticle (NP)-encapsulated biologics. This study examines the efficiency of delivering a therapeutic peptide conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) to the heart via the lung-to-heart route through intratracheal (IT) injection in mice. The CPP, a tandem repeat of NP2 (dNP2) derived from the human novel LZAP-binding protein (NLBP), facilitates intracellular delivery of the therapeutic payload. The therapeutic peptide, SE, is a decoy peptide designed to inhibit protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-mediated dephosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN). Our results demonstrated that IT injection of dNP2-SE facilitated efficient delivery to the heart, with peak accumulation at 3 h post-injection. The administration of dNP2-SE significantly ameliorated morphological and functional deterioration of the heart under myocardial infarction. At the molecular level, dNP2-SE effectively prevented PLN dephosphorylation in the heart. Immunoprecipitation experiments further revealed that dNP2-SE binds strongly to PP1 and disrupts its interaction with PLN. Collectively, our findings suggest that lung-to-heart delivery of a CPP-conjugated therapeutic peptide, dNP2-SE, represents a promising approach for the treatment of HF.
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Integrative Analysis of ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq Identifies Key Genes Affecting Muscle Development in Ningxiang Pigs
Authors: Tan W.; Liu C.; Liu J.; Wen S.; Chen Y.; Ren R.; Gao N.; Ding X.; He J.; Zhang Y.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Meat production traits in pigs are critical economic characteristics, primarily influenced by the formation and development of skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle development is regulated by a complex transcriptional network, which partly relies on chromatin accessibility for initiation. Ningxiang pigs, a renowned Chinese indigenous breed, are highly valued for their tender meat. However, studies focusing on skeletal muscle development in Ningxiang pigs, particularly from the perspective of chromatin accessibility, have not yet been reported. Based on this, the present study selected several key time points in the skeletal muscle development of Ningxiang pigs to perform Transposase-Accessible Chromatin Sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). This was carried out to identify key open chromatin regions and genes during different growth stages, which could influence skeletal muscle development in Ningxiang pigs. We collected longissimus dorsi muscle samples at postnatal days 14 (D14), 28 (D28), 85 (D85), 165 (D165), and 250 (D250). For each age, three individuals were collected for ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. After initial differential analysis among different ages, we identified 6412 differentially accessible chromatin peaks and 1464 differentially expressed genes. To clarify the key candidate transcription factors affecting the development of skeletal muscle in Ningxiang pigs, motif analysis of differential peaks revealed potential cis-regulatory elements with binding sites for transcription factors, including Fosl2 and JunB. Correlation analysis identified 56 overlapping genes and a significant positive correlation (r = 0.73, p = 1 × 10−14) between gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Key candidate genes such as HOXA10, closely related to skeletal muscle development, were specifically examined. These results enhance our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of porcine skeletal muscle development, providing a robust foundation for future molecular studies.
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Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Is It Really Benign? A Pilot Study on Blood Biomarkers
Authors: Rossini F.; Moser T.; Unterhofer M.; Khalil M.; Demjaha R.; Tafrali C.; Martinez-Serrat M.; Kuhle J.; Leppert D.; Benkert P.; Pfaff J.; Trinka E.; Pikija S.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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We aimed to determine whether transient global amnesia (TGA) is associated with alterations in central nervous system (CNS) injury biomarkers—serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP). In a prospective cohort of TGA patients, blood samples were obtained within 24–48 h of TGA onset (t0) and 6 weeks thereafter (t1). We assessed sNfL and sGFAP levels using the highly sensitive single-molecule array assay and calculated Z-scores adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Demographics, electroencephalography (EEG), and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) findings were also collected. A total of 20 patients were included (median age: 66 years, 70% women). No significant changes in sNfL or sGFAP levels associated with TGA at t0 and t1 were observed. Median sNfL Z-scores were 0.45 (interquartile range [IQR] −0.09, 1.19) at t0 and 0.60 (IQR −0.61, 1.19) at t1. Median sGFAP Z-scores were 0.27 (IQR −0.45, 0.76) at t0 and 0.44 (IQR −0.27, 0.75) at t1. Similarly, in the subgroup of patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-positive hippocampal lesions (n = 5/20[25%]), no elevations in blood biomarkers were detected. Our pilot study on neurological blood biomarkers supports the benign nature of TGA, indicating that no CNS tissue damage occurs.
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Determining the Role of OsAGP6P in Anther Development Within the Arabinogalactan Peptide Family of Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Shao S.; Wu Y.; Zhang L.; Zhao Z.; Li X.; Yang M.; Zhou H.; Wu S.; Wang L.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are complex proteoglycans present in plant cell walls across the kingdom. They play crucial roles in biological functions throughout the plant life cycle. In this study, we identified 43 gene members of the AG peptide (an AGP subfamily) within the rice genome, detailing their structure, protein-conserved domains, and motif compositions for the first time. We also examined the expression patterns of these genes across 18 tissues and organs, especially the different parts of the flower (anthers, pollen, pistil, sperm cells, and egg cells). Interestingly, the expression of some AG peptides is mainly present in the pollen grain. Transcription data and GUS staining confirmed that OsAGP6P—a member of the AG peptide gene family—is expressed in the stamen during pollen development stages 11–14, which are critical for maturation as microspores form after meiosis of pollen mother cells. It became noticeable from stage 11, when exine formation occurred—specifically at stage 12, when the intine began to develop. The overexpression of this gene in rice decreased the seed-setting rate (from 91.5% to 30.5%) and plant height (by 21.9%) but increased the tillering number (by 34.1%). These results indicate that AGP6P contributes to the development and fertility of pollen, making it a valuable gene target for future genetic manipulation of plant sterility through gene overexpression or editing.
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Novel Blood-Biomarkers to Detect Retinal Neurodegeneration and Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Hajari J.; Ilginis T.; Pedersen T.; Lønkvist C.; Saunte J.; Hofsli M.; Schmidt D.; Al-abaiji H.; Ahmed Y.; Bach-Holm D.; Kessel L.; Kolko M.; Bertelsen M.; Larsen L.; Sørensen F.; Forman J.; Olsen D.; Rosenberg T.; Brandslund I.; Slidsborg C.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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To investigate levels of specific plasma-biomarkers related to neurodegeneration and inflammation in patients with different chronic degenerative retinal diseases, using an ultrasensitive technology called ‘single molecule array’ (SiMoA). Also, to investigate if biomarkers were measurable in the patient’s blood, dependent on age and medical comorbidities, and useful for stratifying the diseases. This exploratory, cross-sectional study recruited 151 adults at the Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (period 2019 to 2020). Clinical data came from the electronic medical-record system. The study population consisted of 131 patients: 32 with diabetic retinopathy (DR; 51 diabetes, DM), 27 with glaucoma, 53 with inherited retinal degeneration (IRD and 20 healthy controls (HC). Medical comorbidities included organ failure, other active eye diseases, and comorbidities. Three biomarkers, neurofilament-light-chain (NFL), glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP), and CXC-motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), were measured with SiMoA technology. The age-adjusted values were reported as fold differences (FD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Increased NFL levels were found in DR patients compared to HCs (FD 1.81 95%CI 1.43, 2.28, p < 0.001, adj-p < 0.001). Similarly increased NFL levels were reported in advanced DR (PDR, DME), compared to both DM (FD 2.52 (95%CI: 1.71; 3.72, p < 0.001, adj-p < 0.001, and FD 2.04 (95%CI: 1.33; 3.12, p < 0.001, adj-p < 0.001), respectively) and HCs (FD 2.35 (95%CI: 1.67; 3.30, p < 0.001, adj-p < 0.001), and FD 1.89 (95%CI: 1.28; 2.79, p < 0.001, adj-p < 0.001) respectively). Independent of comorbidities, decreased NFL-levels were seen in IRD compared to DR (FD 0.49 (95% CI 0.39; 0.61, p < 0.001; adj-p < 0.001), ±comorbidities). Decreased GFAP levels were seen in DM patients compared to HCs (FD 0.69; 95%CI 0.55, 0.87, p = 0.002, adj-p = 0.02), but contrary to an increasing trend in advanced DR compared to DM (-comorbidities). These results imply that these biomarker-tests are useful for detecting and monitoring development of retinopathy in the circulations of diabetes patients. Plasma-biomarkers may be useful to stratify between retinal disease types. Prospective studies are underway to explore this hypothesis in depth.
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Methodological and Ethical Considerations in the Use of Chordate Embryos in Biomedical Research
Authors: Campitelli L.; Lopes K.; de Lima I.; Ferreira F.; Isidoro N.; Ferreira G.; Ponce M.; Ferreira M.; Mendes L.; Marcelino P.; Neves M.; Klein S.; Fonseca B.; Polveiro R.; da Silva M.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Animal embryos are vital tools in scientific research, providing insights into biological processes and disease mechanisms. This paper explores their historical and contemporary significance, highlighting the shift towards the refinement of in vitro systems as alternatives to animal experimentation. We have conducted a data review of the relevant literature on the use of embryos in research and synthesized the data to highlight the importance of this model for scientific progress and the ethical considerations and regulations surrounding embryo research, emphasizing the importance of minimizing animal suffering while promoting scientific progress through the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement. Embryos from a wide range of species, including mammals, fish, birds, amphibians, and reptiles, play a crucial experimental role in enabling us to understand factors such as substance toxicity, embryonic development, metabolic pathways, physiological processes, etc., that contribute to the advancement of the biological sciences. To apply this model effectively, it is essential to match the research objectives with the most appropriate methodology, ensuring that the chosen approach is appropriate for the scope of the study.
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Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Three Satyrid Butterfly Species (Satyrinae:Amathusiini) and Reconstructed Phylogeny of Satyrinae
Authors: Dan Z.; Zhang Y.; Chen Z.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Satyrinae, one of the most species-rich groups within the Nymphalidae family, has traditionally relied on morphological characteristics for classification. However, this approach encounters challenges due to issues such as cryptic species and paraphyletic groups. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the complex evolutionary history of Satyrinae, leading to the reclassification of the originally polyphyletic Satyrini into multiple independent tribes and confirming the monophyletic status of groups such as Amathusiini. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of certain tribes remain contentious. This study focuses on three species of the Amathusiini tribe (Faunis aerope, Stichophthalma howqua, and Aemona lena), constructing a phylogenetic tree by sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome and integrating 13 protein-coding genes, including COI and ND5. The results indicate that the mitogenome lengths for the three satyrid species are 15,512 bp for Faunis aerope, 13,914 bp for Stichophthalma howqua, and 15,288 bp for Aemona lena. The genetic composition and sequencing of the newly obtained mitogenomes exhibit high conservation and are distinctive to this group of butterflies. Each of the three mitogenomes contains a characteristic collection of 37 genes along with an AT-rich region. Notably, the tRNA genes across these mitogenomes display a conventional cloverleaf configuration; however, the tRNASer stem (AGN) lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The three species exhibit varying lengths of AT-rich regions, resulting in differences in their mitochondrial genome sizes. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis supports the relationships among the four tribes of Satyrinae as: (Satyrini + (Amathusiini + Elymniini)) + Melanitini.
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Comparative Evaluation of Bleomycin- and Collagen-V-Induced Models of Systemic Sclerosis: Insights into Fibrosis and Autoimmunity for Translational Research
Authors: Nagy L.; Nagy G.; Juhász T.; Fillér C.; Szűcs G.; Szekanecz Z.; Vereb G.; Antal-Szalmás P.; Szöőr Á.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, immune dysregulation, and vascular dysfunction, yet its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This study compares two widely used animal models of SSc—the bleomycin-induced fibrosis model and the collagen-V-induced autoimmune model—to evaluate their ability to replicate key disease features. In the bleomycin model, consistent cardiac fibrosis was observed across treatment groups despite variability in fibrosis in the skin and lungs, suggesting organ-specific differences in susceptibility. The collagen-V model demonstrated robust autoantibody production against collagen-V, confirming its utility in studying immune activation, though fibrosis was largely confined to the heart. While the bleomycin model excels at mimicking rapid fibrosis and is suitable for testing antifibrotic therapies, the collagen-V model provides insights into antigen-specific autoimmunity. Both models highlight the dynamic nature of fibrosis, where ECM deposition and degradation occur concurrently, complicating its use as a quantitative disease marker. Cardiac fibrosis emerged as a consistent feature in both models, emphasizing its relevance in SSc pathophysiology. Combining these models or refining their design through hybrid approaches, extended timelines, or sex and age adjustments could enhance their translational utility. These findings advance understanding of SSc mechanisms and inform therapeutic development for this challenging disease.
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Notch Is Required for Neural Progenitor Proliferation During Embryonic Eye Regrowth
Authors: Guerin D.; Gutierrez B.; Zhang B.; Tseng K.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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The ability of an organism to regrow tissues is regulated by various signaling pathways. One such pathway that has been studied widely both in the context of regeneration and development is the Notch signaling pathway. Notch is required for the development of the eye and regeneration of tissues in multiple organisms, but it is unknown if Notch plays a role in the regulation of Xenopus laevis embryonic eye regrowth. We found that Notch1 is required for eye regrowth and regulates retinal progenitor cell proliferation. Chemical and molecular inhibition of Notch1 significantly decreased eye regrowth by reducing retinal progenitor cell proliferation without affecting retinal differentiation. Temporal inhibition studies showed that Notch function is required during the first day of regrowth. Interestingly, Notch1 loss-of-function phenocopied the effects of the inhibition of the proton pump, vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase), where retinal proliferation but not differentiation was blocked during eye regrowth. Overexpression of a form of activated Notch1, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) rescued the loss of eye regrowth due to V-ATPase inhibition. These findings highlight the importance of the Notch signaling pathway in eye regeneration and its role in inducing retinal progenitor cell proliferation in response to injury.
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Functionalized Nanomaterials in Cancer Treatment: A Review
Authors: Gutiérrez Coronado O.; Sandoval Salazar C.; Muñoz Carrillo J.; Gutiérrez Villalobos O.; Miranda Beltrán M.; Soriano Hernández A.; Beltrán Campos V.; Villalobos Gutiérrez P.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are currently the treatments of choice for cancer. However, conventional therapies have their limitations, such as non-specificity, tumor recurrence and toxicity to the target cells. Recently, nanomaterials have been considered as therapeutic agents against cancer. This is mainly due to their unique optical properties, biocompatibility, large surface area and nanoscale size. These properties are crucial as they can affect biocompatibility and uptake by the cell, reducing efficacy. However, because nanoparticles can be functionalized with biomolecules, they become more biocompatible, which improves uptake, and they can be specifically targeted against cancer cells, which improves their anticancer activity. In this review, we summarize some of the recent studies in which nanomaterials have been functionalized with the aim of increasing therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Innate Immunity in Cystic Fibrosis: Varied Effects of CFTR Modulator Therapy on Cell-to-Cell Communication
Authors: Hynes J.; Taggart C.; Tirouvanziam R.; Coppinger J.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening, multi-organ disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Prominent clinical features of CF take place in the lung, hallmarked by cycles of bacterial infection and a dysfunctional inflammatory airway response, leading to eventual respiratory failure. Bidirectional crosstalk between epithelial cells, leukocytes (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) and bacteria via release of intra-cellular mediators is key to driving inflammation in CF airways. In recent years, a highly effective combination of therapeutics targeting the CFTR defect have revolutionized treatment in CF. Despite these advancements and due to the complexity of the immune response in the CF airway, the full impact of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) on airway inflammation is not fully determined. This review provides the evidence to date on crosstalk mechanisms between host epithelium, leukocytes and bacteria and examines the effect of HEMT on both soluble and membrane-derived immune mediators in clinical samples. The varied effects of HEMT on expression of key proteases, cytokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in relation to clinical parameters is assessed. Advances in treatment with HEMT have shown potential in dampening the chronic inflammatory response in CF airways. However, to fully quell inflammation and maximize lung tissue resilience, further interventions may be necessary. Exploring the effects of HEMT on key immune mediators paves the way for identifying new anti-inflammatory approaches targeting host immune cell interactions, such as EV-directed lung therapies.
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Modified Urtica dioica Leaves as a Low-Cost and Effective Adsorbent for the Simultaneous Removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Mendsaikhan E.; Bat-Amgalan M.; Yunden G.; Miyamoto N.; Kano N.; Kim H.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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This study investigates the simultaneous adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions using Urtica dioica leaves (UDLs) modified with sulfuric acid, followed by heat treatment to enhance adsorptive properties. The heat treatment significantly increased the adsorbent’s specific surface area to 451.93 m2·g−1. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to determine the influence of the contact time, pH of the aqueous solution, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and initial metal concentration on the adsorption efficiency. The material (modified UDLs) was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Maximum removal efficiencies were determined as 99.2%, 96.4%, 88.7%, and 83.6% for Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) ions, respectively. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics revealed that the process follows the Langmuir equation and pseudo-second-order models, indicating monolayer adsorption and chemisorption mechanisms. Furthermore, thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption processes are spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The influence of competing ions on the adsorption of multiple heavy metals was also discussed. The results suggest that sulfuric acid and heat-treated Urtica dioica leaves can offer a promising, low-cost, and eco-friendly adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water.
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The Silent Conversation: How Small RNAs Shape Plant–Microbe Relationships
Authors: Liu J.; Lu Y.; Chen X.; Liu X.; Gu Y.; Li F.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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This review highlights the emerging role of cross-kingdom RNA interference in plant–microbe interactions, particularly the transfer of sRNAs from microbes to plants and vice versa, emphasizing the importance of this mechanism in both mutualistic and pathogenic contexts. As plants adapted to terrestrial life, they formed symbiotic relationships with microbes, essential for nutrient uptake and defense. Emerging evidence underscores sRNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), as critical regulators of gene expression and immune responses in plant–microbe interactions. In mutualistic symbioses, such as mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria associations, sRNAs are hypothesized to regulate nutrient exchange and symbiotic stability. In pathogenic scenarios, microbes utilize sRNAs to undermine plant defenses, while plants employ strategies like host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) to counteract these threats. We further explore the emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in sRNA transport, which is critical for facilitating interspecies communication in both pathogenic and mutualistic contexts. Although the potential of ckRNAi in mutualistic interactions is promising, the review highlights the need for further experimental validation to establish its true significance in these relationships. By synthesizing current research, this review highlights the intricate molecular dialogues mediated by sRNAs in plant–microbe interactions and identifies critical gaps, proposing future research directions aimed at harnessing these mechanisms for agricultural advancements.
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Label-Free Proteomics Reveals the Response of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Seedling Root Respiratory Metabolism to Salt Stress
Authors: Chen X.; Zhao B.; Mi J.; Xu Z.; Liu J.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Soil salinity is among the crucial factors influencing agricultural productivity of crops, including oat. The respiratory metabolic pathways are of great significance for plants to adapt to salt stress, but current research is limited and there are few reports on salt-tolerant crops such as oat, which is necessary to conduct in-depth research. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment to determine the effects of salt stress on oat root growth and respiratory metabolism. Three salt stress levels—control (CK), moderate, and severe—were applied to compare the salt tolerance of the salt-tolerant cultivar Bai2 and the salt-sensitive cultivar Bai5. We selected oat roots at the seedling stage as the research focus and analyzed fresh root samples using an Oxytherm liquid-phase oxygen electrode, a digital scanner, and proteomics. The results showed that with an increased concentration of salt stress, the dry and fresh weight, root–shoot ratio, total root length, root surface area, root volume, and average diameter of the two oat cultivars showed a decreasing trend. Compared with CK, the total root respiration rate of Bai2 under moderate and severe stress decreased by 15.6% and 28%, respectively, and that of Bai5 decreased by 70.4% and 79.0%, respectively. After quantitative analysis of 18 oat root samples from the 2 cultivars using the label-free method, 7174 differential proteins were identified and 63 differential proteins were obtained, which involved 7 functional categories. In total, 111 differential proteins were specifically expressed in the root of the salt-tolerant cultivar Bai2, involving 12 functional categories. Through interaction network analysis, the proteins differentially expressed between the salt treatment and CK groups of the salt-tolerant cultivar Bai2 were analyzed. In total, five types of differentially expressed proteins interacting with each other were detected; these mainly involved antioxidant enzymes, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and energy metabolism pathways. Salt stress promoted the respiration rate of oat root glycolysis. The respiration rate of the tricarboxylic acid pathway decreased with increased salt stress concentration, while the respiration rate of the pentose phosphate pathway increased. Compared with CK, following moderate and severe salt stress treatment, alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Bai2 increased by 384% and 145%, respectively, while that of Bai5 increased by 434% and 157%, respectively. At increased salt stress concentrations, Bai2 mainly used pyruvate–ethanol fermentation for anaerobic respiration, while Bai5 mainly used pyruvate–lactic acid fermentation for anaerobic respiration. This significant discovery revealed for the first time from the perspective of respiratory metabolism that different salt-tolerant oat cultivars adapt to salt stress in different ways to maintain normal growth and development. The experimental results provide new insights into plant adaptation to salt stress from the perspective of respiratory metabolism.
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Inflammatory Transformation of Skin Basal Cells as a Key Driver of Cutaneous Aging
Authors: Liu S.; Lu S.; Pang Z.; Li J.; Zhou M.; Ding Z.; Feng Z.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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This study comprehensively investigated keratinocyte subpopulation heterogeneity and developmental trajectories during skin aging using single-cell sequencing, transcriptomics, and facial aging-related genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. We identified three major subpopulations: basal cells (BCs), spinous cells (SCs), and IFI27+ keratinocytes. Single-cell pseudotime analysis revealed that basal cells can differentiate along two distinct paths: toward spinous differentiation or the inflammatory state. With aging, the proportion of IFI27+ cells significantly increased, displaying more active inflammatory and immunomodulatory signals. Through cell–cell communication analysis, we found that the signaling pathways, including NOTCH, PTPR, and PERIOSTIN, exhibited distinct characteristics along different branches. Integration of the GWAS data revealed significant loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, and 9 that were spatially correlated with key biological pathways (including antigen processing, oxidative stress, and apoptosis). These findings reveal the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying skin aging, offering potential targets for novel diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions.
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Salmonella Type III Secretion System Effectors
Authors: Worley M.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Salmonella is estimated to infect between 200 million and over 1 billion people per year. The exact number is not known, as many cases go unreported. Integral to the pathogenesis of Salmonella, as well as numerous other Gram-negative pathogens, is its type III effectors. Salmonella possesses two distinct type III secretion systems, encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 and Salmonella pathogenicity island-2. Together, they secrete at least 49 type III effectors into host cells that are collectively responsible for many of the virulence attributes of this pathogen. These virulence factors facilitate the invasion of host cells, induce and attenuate inflammation, and change the migratory properties of infected phagocytes, among other things. The effects of all type III effectors on Salmonella virulence are discussed.
Authors: Kim H.; Kim S.; Jun S.; Nam C.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Authors: Maier M.; Leonhardt A.; Blume F.; Bideau P.; Hellwich O.; Rahman R.
Published: 2025/3 (journal-article)
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Authors: Roberge A.; Duncan J.; Fiset D.; Brisson B.
Published: 2025/2 (journal-article)
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Authors: Papantoni A.; Gearhardt A.; Yokum S.; Hoover L.; Finn E.; Shearrer G.; Smith Taillie L.; Shaikh S.; Meyer K.; Burger K.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Yu C.; Eggleston R.; Zhang K.; Nickerson N.; Sun X.; Marks R.; Hu X.; Brennan J.; Wellman H.; Kovelman I.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Lian T.; Jiao Z.; Juan S.; Zhang P.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Kroczek L.; Mühlberger A.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Li W.; Wei Z.; Wu J.; Song R.; Liu J.; Cui F.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Lu J.; Riecke L.; Ryan B.; de Gelder B.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Lin H.; Liang J.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Acuña A.; Morales S.; Uriarte-Gaspari L.; Aguirre N.; Brandani A.; Huart N.; Mattos J.; Pérez A.; Cuña E.; Waiter G.; Steele D.; Armony J.; García-Fontes M.; Cabana Á.; Gradin V.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Rilling J.; Lee M.; Zhou C.; Hepburn K.; Perkins M.; Gaser C.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Di Tella S.; Zinzi P.; Anzuino I.; Lo Monaco M.; Tondinelli A.; Magistri M.; Petracca M.; Solito M.; Calabresi P.; Bentivoglio A.; Silveri M.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Pruitt P.; Yu K.; Lahna D.; Schwartz D.; Peltier S.; Silbert L.; Dodge H.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Haihambo N.; Baetens K.; Deroost N.; Baeken C.; Van Overwalle F.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Keck J.; Bachmann J.; Zabicki A.; Munzert J.; Krüger B.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Veranic K.; Ewing L.; Sambrook T.; Watson E.; Zhao M.; Bayliss A.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Gao T.; Zhou Y.; Pan X.; Li W.; Han S.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: None
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Cahart M.; Giampietro V.; O’Daly O.
Published: 2025/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Amoruso L.; Moguilner S.; Castillo E.; Kleineschay T.; Geng S.; Ibáñez A.; García A.
Published: 2024/12 (journal-article)
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Authors: Mąka S.; Wiśniewska M.; Piejka A.; Chrustowicz M.; Okruszek Ł.
Published: 2024/12 (journal-article)
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Authors: Oboshi Y.; Iwabuchi T.; Takata Y.; Bunai T.; Ouchi Y.
Published: 2024/12 (journal-article)
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Authors: Tricoche L.; d’Halluin M.; Meunier M.; Pélisson D.
Published: 2024/11 (journal-article)
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Authors: Baum J.; Abdel Rahman R.
Published: 2024/10 (journal-article)
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Authors: Westerman H.; Suarez G.; Richmond-Rakerd L.; Nusslock R.; Klump K.; Burt S.; Hyde L.
Published: 2024/1 (journal-article)
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Authors: Casalvera A.; Goodwin M.; Lynch K.; Teferi M.; Patel M.; Grillon C.; Ernst M.; Balderston N.
Published: 2024/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Iffland B.; Kley H.; Neuner F.
Published: 2024/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Hack R.; Aigner M.; Musalek M.; Crevenna R.; Konicar L.
Published: 2024/N/A (journal-article)
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Authors: Ricou C.; Rabadan V.; Mofid Y.; Aguillon-Hernandez N.; Wardak C.
Published: 2024/N/A (journal-article)
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